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Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7

发布时间:2022-01-11 23:45:44 所属栏目:MySql教程 来源:互联网
导读:这篇文章主要为大家展示了Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7,内容简而易懂,条理清晰,希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑,下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7这篇文章吧。 在Oracle Linux 7.1中安装MySql 5.7 。mysql安装位置:/mysqlsoft/mysq
       这篇文章主要为大家展示了“Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7”,内容简而易懂,条理清晰,希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑,下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7”这篇文章吧。
 
       在Oracle Linux 7.1中安装MySql 5.7 。mysql安装位置:/mysqlsoft/mysql,数据库文件数据位置:/mysqldata/mysql。
1.首先下载安装介质
 
mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2. 在根目录下创建文件夹mysqlsoft和数据库数据文件/mysqldata/mysql
 
[root@cs2 /]# mkdir -p /mysqlsoft
[root@cs2 /]# mkdir -p /mysqldata/mysql
[root@cs2 /]# ls -lrt /mysqldata/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 May 31 11:58 mysql
3.上传介质mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz到/mysqlsoft目录中并解压
 
[root@cs2 /]# cd mysqlsoft
[root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# ls -lrt
total 628704
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 643790848 Apr 20  2018 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# ls -lrt
total 628704
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 643790848 Apr 20  2018 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root       120 May 31 12:11 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
建议一般不要修改默认文件名,通过软连接来完成
 
[root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# mv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  mysql
[root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# ls -lrt
total 628704
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 643790848 Apr 20  2018 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root       120 May 31 13:28 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        35 May 31 13:33 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
[root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# cd mysql
[root@cs2 mysql]# ls
bin  COPYING  docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files
4. 创建mysql用户与用户组
 
[root@cs2 mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@cs2 mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
因为用户只用于所有权目的,而不是登录目的,useradd命令使用-r与-s /bin/false选项来创建一个用户没有登录服务器主机的权限。
 
5.修改/mysqlsoft/mysql与/mysqldata/mysql目录权限
 
[root@cs2 /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqlsoft/mysql
[root@cs2 /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata/mysql
[root@cs2 /]# chmod -R 775 /mysqlsoft/mysql
[root@cs2 /]# chmod -R 775 /mysqldata/mysql
6. MySQL对于libaio库有依赖性。台果这个libaio库没有安装那么数据目录初始化与后续的数据库服务启动将会失败,安装libaio库执行以下操作:
查询是否安装了libaio库
 
[root@cs2 local]# yum search libaio
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
=========================================================================================================== N/S matched: libaio ============================================================================================================
libaio.i686 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
libaio.x86_64 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
libaio-devel.i686 : Development files for Linux-native asynchronous I/O access
libaio-devel.x86_64 : Development files for Linux-native asynchronous I/O access
  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
如果没有安装,可以执行下面的命令来安装
 
[root@cs2 local]# yum install libaio
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
file:///run/media/jy/OL-7.1%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/jy/OL-7.1%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
Package libaio-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
7.配置mysql参数
只是设置几个简单的mysql运行参数
 
[root@cs2 ~]# vi /mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql
datadir=/mysqldata/mysql
bind-address=0.0.0.0
user=mysql
port=3306
log-error=/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/mysqldata/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
"/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf" [New] 67L, 1642C written
注意:log-error 一定要配置,因为如果mysql启动错误,可以从日志文件中找到错误原因。其次bind—address配置0.0.0.0是为了监听所有的连接。还有就是socket参数所指定的mysql.sock文件的路径最好设置为/tmp/mysql.sock,因为unix socket文件的缺省位置在/tmp目录中。
 
8.初始化mysql
 
[root@cs2 /]# cd /mysqlsoft/mysql/bin
[root@cs2 bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql  --defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql --initialize
[root@cs2 mysql]# cat mysql.err
2019-05-31T06:01:50.260643Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2019-05-31T06:01:50.260731Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
 100
 100
2019-05-31T06:01:53.795162Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-05-31T06:01:54.049268Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-05-31T06:01:54.102171Z 0 [ERROR] unknown variable 'defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf'
2019-05-31T06:01:54.102193Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
网上有人说是文件权限的问题,然后重新授权chmod 664 my.cnf 但并没有解决,有人建议调整一下参数顺序就好!!!最后调整了一下参数顺序果然有效:
 
[root@cs2 bin]# ./mysqld  --defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql --user=mysql
[root@cs2 mysql]# cat mysql.err
2019-05-31T06:05:06.362925Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2019-05-31T06:05:06.362994Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
 100
 100
2019-05-31T06:05:09.779913Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-05-31T06:05:10.026707Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-05-31T06:05:10.094462Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 0be6983a-836a-11e9-a341-005056a092af.
2019-05-31T06:05:10.109209Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-05-31T06:05:10.110107Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,;pm93qnL%-j
2019-05-31T06:05:14.966324Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-31T06:05:14.966373Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-31T06:05:14.966391Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-31T06:05:14.966419Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'performance_schema mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-31T06:05:14.966428Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-31T06:05:14.966441Z 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-31T06:05:14.966493Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-31T06:05:14.966508Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
其中[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,;pm93qnL%-j的root@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码,各人安装生成的临时密码不一样。可以看到到日志文件没有报错,而且有了临时密码,表示初始化成功。
 
9. 如果想服务能够部署自动支持安全连接,使用mysql_ssl_rsa_setup工具来创建缺省SSL与RSA文件
 
[root@cs2 bin]# ./mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................................................+++
..............................................................+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.............+++
..............+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................................+++
................................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
9.启动mysql服务
 
[root@cs2 /]# sh /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
/mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
/mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
启动mysql服务命令会报错,因为没有修改mysql的配置文件
修改Mysql配置文件,修改前为以下内容
 
if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/usr/local/mysql
  bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
  fi
  sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
修改后的内容如下
 
[root@cs2 ~]# vi /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql
  bindir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/mysqldata/mysql
  fi
  sbindir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin
  libexecdir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
[root@cs2 ~]# cp /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@cs2 ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
10.启动mysql
 
[root@cs2 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
11.配置环境变量
 
[root@cs2 ~]# vi /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
export MYSQL_HOME=/mysqlsoft/mysql/
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
11.登录Mysql
初始化成功后,查看初始化密码
 
[root@cs2 ~]# cat /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err | grep password
2019-05-31T06:05:10.110107Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,;pm93qnL%-j
并输入刚刚复制的密码,但是 却提示不能通过mysql.sock文件实现连接
 
[root@cs2 bin]# ./mysqladmin -u root -p password
Enter password:
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)'
Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock' exists!
这里就奇怪了,因为在my.cnf文件中设置的socket文件路径为/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.sock,但mysql所使用的文件不是启动服务所生成的。
 
[root@cs2 ~]# cat /mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql
datadir=/mysqldata/mysql
bind-address=0.0.0.0
user=mysql
port=3306
log-error=/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/mysqldata/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
[root@cs2 mysql]# ls -lrt
total 286896
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 134217728 May 31 14:05 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql        56 May 31 14:05 auto.cnf
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql      8192 May 31 14:05 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql      4096 May 31 14:05 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql      8192 May 31 14:05 sys
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql      1679 May 31 14:25 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql      1107 May 31 14:25 ca.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql      1679 May 31 14:25 server-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql      1107 May 31 14:25 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql      1679 May 31 14:25 client-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql      1107 May 31 14:25 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql      1679 May 31 14:25 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql       451 May 31 14:25 public_key.pem
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql       291 May 31 18:05 ib_buffer_pool
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql         6 May 31 18:08 mysql.sock.lock
srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql         0 May 31 18:08 mysql.sock
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql         6 May 31 18:08 mysqld.pid
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql    101396 May 31 18:08 mysql.err
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  12582912 May 31 18:08 ibtmp1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  12582912 May 31 18:08 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 134217728 May 31 18:08 ib_logfile0
可以看到在/var/lib/mysql目录中的mysql.sock是指向/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock文件的。
 
[mysql@cs2 ~]$ ls -lrt /var/lib/mysql
总用量 110604
-rw-rw----. 1   27   27 50331648 10月 11 2017 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2   27   27     4096 10月 11 2017 performance_schema
drwx------. 2   27   27     4096 10月 11 2017 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1   27   27       56 10月 11 2017 auto.cnf
-rw-rw----. 1   27   27 50331648 5月  30 18:32 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1   27   27 12582912 5月  30 18:32 ibdata1
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       27 5月  31 15:44 mysql.sock -> /mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock
如果使用-S选项来指定生成的mysql.sock文件进行登录是可以成功登录的
 
[mysql@cs2 mysql]$  mysql -S /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.sock -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
修改socket文件路径为/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock
 
[root@cs2 ~]# cat /mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql
datadir=/mysqldata/mysql
bind-address=0.0.0.0
user=mysql
port=3306
log-error=/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/mysqldata/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
再重启mysql服务
 
[root@cs2 ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@cs2 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[mysql@cs2 ~]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
这就可以登录了。
 
12.重置root用户密码
 
[mysql@cs2 ~]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password=password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
13.设置允许远程登录mysql
如果要远程访问数据库,只需要把拥有全部权限的root账号对应的记录的Host字段改为%就可以了
 
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
测试远程登录
 
-bash-4.2$ mysql -h 10.11.13.19 -P 3306 -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: [', user, '''@''', host, '];') AS USER_HOST FROM user;
+------------------------------------+
| USER_HOST                          |
+------------------------------------+
| User: [root'@'%];                  |
| User: [mysql.session'@'localhost]; |
| User: [mysql.sys'@'localhost];     |
+------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)
以上是“Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7”这篇文章的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!

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